Process of bending pipe.



J. 11. TAYLOR. I PROCESS OF BENDING PIPE. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 2,1911.

Patented June 27, 1911.

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operating with the contraction on the op JAMES HALL TAYLOR, OF OAK PARK,ILLINOIS.

PROCESS OF BENDING PIP E.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented June 27, 1911.

Application filed February 2, 1911. Serial No. 606,149.

Be it known that I, JAMES HALL TAYLOR, a. citizen of the United States,residing at Oak Park, in the county of Cook .and State of Illinois, haveinvented a certain new and useful Improvement in Processes of BendingPipe, of which .the following is a full, clear, concise, and exactdescription, refer-, ence being had to the accompanying draw-' in s,forming a part of this specification.

y invention relates to wrought metal pipe manufacture and isparticularly concerned with the process of bending pipe of this kind. Myinvention is an improved method of'bending such pipe and, as will morefully appear hereinafter, is most useful in making slight or gradualbends in wrought metal pipe of comparatively large diameter. x

Broadly, the process of my invention comprises a series of steps,somewhat as follows: first, heating a definite portion of the wall onone side of the pipe until that portion, by reason of its expansionunder the influence of heat, buckles; then forging the bead thus formedback into the. substantial line of the contour ofthe'pipe, it beingevident that such treatment will upset the metal of the heated portionsoas to increase its cross-sectional dimensions; and then cooling theheated portion so that the consequent contraction of that particularportion of the wall will draw that side of the pipe together so as tobend the pipe. The action above described may be assisted by treatingtheother side of the pipe-in a certain way, aswill be described, so asto stretch the metal there, this stretching co- 0- site side to bend thepipe. If desired the bending action niay be assisted mechanically andthe cooling may take place naturally or be forced. g

M invention will be more readily understood by reference to theaccompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is an elevational view of astraight seotion of pipe; Fig. 2 is an'end view thereof; Fig. 3 is anelevational view of I a section of pipe, showing the result of the firststep in the process; Fig. 4 is an end view of the pipe as shown in Fig.3; Fig.

I .5 illustrates the result of the next step in the process; Fig. 6illustrates the result of the next step in the process; Fig. 7illustrates the bend a straight pipe. For the purposes of illustration,let it be assumed that it is desired to produce'a bend of about fivedegrees in the pipe section a shown in Figs. '1 and 2. A certain area ofthevwall on one side of the pipe is heated. This area, as shown in Figs.

3 and 4, is bounded 'by lines 6, b, which converge toward both ends, andextends approximately half way around the pipe, preferably a little morethan half, the widest portion of this area being at that portion of thepipe which will result in the angle of the consequent bend. Theremainder of the pipe remains comparatively cool and cannot respond bydistortion to the expansion of the met-a1 in the area referred to. Itfollows that this heated metal'must buckle one way or the other andithas been found that it will buckle outwardly into the form of a head 0,extending partly around the pipe, as illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4. Afterthe bead c has been formed by expansion, as has been described, it isforged back, while still hot, into the substantial line of the contourof the pipe, as illustrated in Fig. 5. His evident that the lines I), b,will remain the same as in Fig. 3 and that the metal bounded by theselines will be in a hot, expanded condition. As this heated portionisallowed to cool, it will, of course, contract and the lines 6, b willbe drawn together as illustrated in Fig. 6 and, since these lines beardefinite relations to the main portions of the pipe, it is evident thatthe pipe will be bent under the influence of the pull due to thiscontraction and that the contracted area will lie in the angle of thebend. This cooling may be hastened under the influence of a spray ofwater or some other sim1lar means, if desired. The bend which is securedby each cycle of operations, as above set forth, I

formed near or adjacent to the area of metal which hasalready been actedupon, the bead being in line therewith. It is apparent that if thisprocess is repeated several times, any desired bend, such as showninFig. 8, may be obtained. When the bead is formed, due to the heat, itmay be increased mechanically, for instance by means of a jack fromwhich a chain 01, having a hook e, extends, this hook being caught inthe end of the section of pipe, as illustrated in Fig. 7 anda pull beingexerted thereon in the direction of the arrow f.

In Figs. 9 and 10 I illustrate the additional step which may be employedand which is particularly useful in connection with pipes of largerdiameter. This additional step provides means for stretching the metalon one'side of the pipe so that the contraction on the other side may beassisted.

' The bead 0 shown in Fig. 9 is analogous to the bead c of Fig. 3.Opposite this bead, an

area g, as clearly illustrated in Fig. 10, is

heated. This heating, of course, causes the expansion of the portion 9,and this assists the 'free contract-ion at the opposite side ofthe'pipe. A cooling jet of air or water is then played upon the centralspot 2', approximately, and it has beenfound by experiment that thiscooling prevents the metal from returning to its former state.Stretching takes place and the ultimate cross-section of the metal ofthe portion 9 is slightly but negligibly reduce I claim as new anddesire'to secure by Letters Patent:

1. The process of bending pipe, which consists in heating a definiteportion of the wall on one side of the pipe until it buckles, thenforcing the buckled-portion back into the substantial line of thecontour of the pipe so contour of the pipe so as to upset the heated asto upset the heated metal, and then allowing the pipe to cool.

. 2. The'process of bending pipe, which consists in heating a definiteportion of the wall on one side of the pipe until it buckles, thenforcing the buckled portion back into the substantial line of thecontour of the pipe so as to upset the heated metal, and then coolingsaid heated portion. 7

3. The process of bending pipe, which consists in heating a portion ofthe wall on one side of the pipe until that portion buckles, thenforcing the buckled portion back into the substantial line of thecontour of the pipe so as to upset the heated metal, and then coolingsaid heated portion.

4. The process of bending pipe,which consists in heating a definiteportion of the wall on one side of the pipe until it buckles, thenmechanically bending the pipe slightly to increase the buckle, thenforcing the buckled portion back into the substantial line of the metal,and then cooling the pipe.

5. The process of bending pipe, which consists in heating a portion ofthe wall on one side of the pipe until that portion buckles, heating anarea on the other side of the pipe, forcing the buckled portion backinto the substantial line of the contour of the pipe so'as to upset themetal of that heated portion, and then cooling said portion and also thesaid area from the center outwardly.-

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe JAMES HALL TAYLOR. Witnesses:

ARTHUR H. BOETTGHER, ALBERT G. MCOALEB.

my name this 30th day of January, A. D.

